How To Select An Anchor
And Anchor Rode
selecting anchor rode
There’s little doubt that an all chain anchor rode is the very best solution in most cases. Chain is much stronger than any nylon anchor rode, it doesn’t suffer from chafe and the weight of the chain works as a shock absorber, reducing the loads on the boat if there is any surge or other shock load on the anchor system.
However, an all chain rode is very expensive, it’s very heavy (and it’s in the bow, where you least need it), hard to handle, it probably requires a chain windlass to retrieve it and it needs a snubber so that any chain shock load is absorbed before it’s transmitted to the boat.
The best compromise for a sailboat is probably laid nylon line with 20-30 ft of chain before the anchor. Nylon stretches by about 25% at 50% of its breaking strength and recovers from heavy loads better than braided line. Practical Sailor recommends New England Rope’s Premium 3 strand nylon.
what size nylon rode and chain?
This depends to a great deal on where you usually anchor, the bottom conditions and the worst weather conditions you expect to encounter.
As a starting position you might consider :
- For a boat length 20-25ft: ½ inch nylon rode with 20 ft of 3/16 inch high test or BBB chain
- For a boat length 26-30ft: ½ inch nylon rode with 30 ft of ¼ inch high test or BBB chain
- For a boat length 31-35ft: 7/8 inch nylon rode with 35 ft of 5/16 inch high test or BBB chain
If you’re headed offshore, go up at least 2 sizes in both rode and chain.
A tip. Buy domestic made chain. Imported chain may or may not be of the quality specified and your boat is worth a whole lot more than 30 ft of chain.
For your primary anchor rode you’ll need at least 10 times the depth of your deepest anchorage. So if your deepest anchorage is 20 feet you’ll need (20 x 10) = 200 ft of anchor rode. This allows for a 7:1 scope on your anchor rode in fairly shallow water (20 feet). As your anchor depth gets greater, you can reduce the scope somewhat, even down to 3:1 in very deep water.
The rode to chain and chain to anchor connections should be by shackle, at least one size larger than the chain (i.e. ¼ inch diameter chain needs a 3/8 inch diameter shackle). The shackle pin must be securely moused with monel wire. The nylon rode should have a metal thimble spliced into the end connecting to the chain.
The bitter end of the nylon rode (the end connected to the boat) should not be connected directly to the boat inside the chain locker. There should be a tail of light line connecting the end of the anchor rode to the chain locker. This tail should be long enough to reach the bow roller from the chain locker. The reason for this is so that you can cut this light line if you ever need to get rid of your anchor quickly in an emergency.
anchors
Here’s where we get into dispute territory. I know every sailor has an opinion on the best anchor for a given bottom condition and will argue all night about the pros and cons of different anchors.
I’m going to slide out from under by using the results of Practical Sailor’s extensive testing of anchors under $200. No correspondence will be entered into 😉
Practical Sailor has conducted extensive tests over the years on many different makes and models of anchors suitable for sailboats in several different bottom conditions. For anchors costing less than $200, their conclusions are:
|
Anchor Guide
|
||||||||||
|
setting rank
|
holding power
|
average
|
||||||||
| Name |
weight
|
sand
|
mud
|
combined
|
sand
|
rank
|
mud
|
rank
|
holding
|
rank
|
| Barnacle |
28#
|
16
|
9 tie
|
12 tie
|
355#
|
9
|
800#
|
1
|
577#
|
4
|
| Bruce |
22#
|
3
|
2 tie
|
1
|
307#
|
11
|
550#
|
8
|
429#
|
10
|
| Bulwagga |
17#
|
1
|
8
|
4 tie
|
816#
|
2
|
680#
|
3
|
748#
|
2
|
| Lewmar Claw |
22#
|
8
|
2 tie
|
4 tie
|
283#
|
14
|
520#
|
9
|
401#
|
12
|
| CQR |
35#
|
15
|
2 tie
|
9
|
583#
|
3
|
760#
|
2
|
672#
|
3
|
| Danforth Deepset II |
20#
|
14
|
15
|
14
|
363#
|
8
|
640#
|
5
|
502#
|
6
|
| Delta |
22#
|
13
|
1
|
7
|
496#
|
4
|
610#
|
6
|
553#
|
5
|
| Fortress FX-16 |
10#
|
9
|
13
|
11
|
471#
|
5
|
420#
|
12
|
446#
|
8
|
| Hans C-Anchor |
15#
|
17
|
12
|
15
|
0#
|
17
|
350#
|
15
|
175#
|
15
|
| Herreshoff |
17#
|
6
|
–
|
–
|
300#
|
12
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
| Hydro-Dyne |
10#
|
failed
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
| Nautical Engineering |
20#
|
11
|
14
|
12 tie
|
235#
|
15
|
390#
|
14
|
313#
|
14
|
| Seagrip |
33#
|
12
|
–
|
–
|
200#
|
16
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
| Supermax (adjutable shank) |
26#
|
7
|
2 tie
|
3
|
410#
|
7
|
430#
|
11
|
420#
|
11
|
| Supermax |
26#
|
5
|
2 tie
|
2
|
350#
|
10
|
400#
|
13
|
375#
|
13
|
| Spade Model 80 |
16.5#
|
2
|
7
|
6
|
1000#
|
1
|
660#
|
4
|
830#
|
1
|
| Vetus |
12#
|
4
|
9 tie
|
8
|
285#
|
13
|
590#
|
7
|
438#
|
9
|
| West Marine Performance |
25#
|
10
|
11
|
10
|
456#
|
6
|
460#
|
10
|
458#
|
7
|
Note: the Bruce anchor os no longer made for recreational boats. The Lewmar Claw is a close copy.
The figures give the breakout loads for each anchor in the respective bottom conditions, and the rankings are out of the 15 anchors that passed the tests.
Setting rank = how quickly the anchor set when under load compared to the others
For non-US sailors, the # sign = pounds weight or load.
The 22# Lewmar Claw and the 20# Danforth are quoted as suitable for a 30-35ft boat, but I think it’s prudent to go one size higher than recommended by manufacturers. So I’d select the 22# Lewmar Claw for a 25-30ft boat because it sets well in any bottom material. I’d also like the 10# Fortress FX-16, which is an aluminum version of the Danforth, as a lightweight second anchor.
The Spade Model 80 is an excellent aluminum plow style anchor that won this test. The shank is bolted to the plow and can be disassembled for stowage. It’s also very expensive.
You can check the costs of some of these anchors and rode at West Marine (use the link below if you like)